amakuru

Dukurikije amategeko ya Stokes, ibikoresho birashobora gushimishwa gusa n’umucyo mwinshi kandi bigatanga urumuri ruke.Muyandi magambo, ibikoresho birashobora gusohora uburebure bwumurambararo n’umucyo muke iyo ushimishijwe nuburebure buke n’umucyo mwinshi.
Ibinyuranye, upconversion luminescence bivuga ibikoresho bishimishwa numucyo n'imbaraga nke kandi bitanga urumuri n'imbaraga nyinshi.Muyandi magambo, ibikoresho bisohora urumuri hamwe nuburebure bwumurongo muto hamwe ninshuro nyinshi iyo ushimishijwe numucyo ufite uburebure burebure hamwe numurongo muke.
Kugeza ubu, upconversion luminescence yagaragaye mubice bivangwa na ion zidasanzwe zubutaka, cyane cyane fluoride, oxyde, ibibyimba bya sulfuru, okiside ya fluor, halide, nibindi.
NaYF4 ni substrate yibikoresho bifite hejuru cyane-ihinduka luminescence ikora neza.Kurugero, iyo NaYF4: Er, Yb, ni ukuvuga, ytterbium na erbium niinshuro ebyiri,Er ikora nka activate na Yb nkumukangurambaga.